Discovering the Therapeutic Potential of Piper Essential Oils: Chemistry and Bioactivities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51152/jbarbiomed.v11i1.246Keywords:
Piperaceae, Piper, essential oil, composition, bioactivityAbstract
The genus Piper, a prominent member of the Piperaceae family, encompasses over 2,000 species and is widely distributed, particularly in Southeast Asia. Known for its medicinal and economic significance, several Piper species have been traditionally utilized in their native regions for various purposes. These species thrive in tropical areas, primarily as aromatic shrubs and trees that produce essential oils in significant quantities. Widely valued for their therapeutic properties, these oils are extensively used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Recent studies on Malaysian Piper species have highlighted notable pharmacological activities associated with their essential oils. This review provides an in-depth overview of the medicinal applications, chemical composition, and bioactivities of essential oils from key Piper species. Data were gathered through comprehensive searches of electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and Google Scholar, along with a library search for peer-reviewed articles. The review focuses on the chemical constituents of Piper essential oils, offering insights into selecting species with optimal chemical profiles for diverse applications.
References
Abukawsar, M.M., Saleh‐e‐In, M.M., Ahsan, M.A., Rahim, M.M., Bhuiyan, M.N.H., Roy, S.K., Ghosh, A., & Naher, S. (2018). Chemical, pharmacological and nutritional quality assessment of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seed cultivars. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(6), 1-21.
Acevedo, M.A., González, M.C., De Moya, Y.S., & Rodríguez, J.D. (2023). Volatile metabolites of Piper eriopodon (Miq.) C. DC. from northern region of Colombia and assessment of in vitro bioactivities of the leaf essential oil. Molecules, 28(6), 2594.
Ahmad, F.S., Mohamed, S.M., Jamil, M., & Jani, N.A. (2024). Chemical composition, antibacterial activity, and ADME studies of leaf essential oil of Piper betle. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 26(3), 456-464.
Alminderej, F., Bakari, S., Almundarij, T.I., Snoussi, M., Aouadi, K., & Kadri, A. (2020). Antioxidant activities of a new chemotype of Piper cubeba L. fruit essential oil (methyleugenol/eugenol): in silico molecular docking and ADMET studies. Plants, 9(11), 1534.
Al-Sayed, E., Gad, H.A., & El-Kersh, D.M. (2021). Characterization of four Piper essential oils (GC/MS and ATR-IR) coupled to chemometrics and their anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. ACS Omega, 25652-25663.
Ampofo S.A., Roussis, V., & Wiemer, D.F., (1987). New prenylated phenolics from Piper auritum. Phytochemistry, 26(8), 2367-2370.
Anderson, R.R., Girola, N., Figueiredo, C.R., Londero, V.S., & Lago, J.H.G. (2018). Circadian variation and in vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation of volatile compounds from leaves of Piper regnellii (Piperaceae). Natural Product Research, 32(7), 859-862.
Andrade, E.H.A., Alves, C.N., Guimarães, E.F., Carreira, L.M.M., & Maia, J.G.S. (2011). Variability in essential oil composition of Piper dilatatum LC Rich. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39(4-6), 669-675.
Araujo, C.A., da Camara, C.A., de Moraes, M.M., de Vasconcelos, G.J., Pereira, M.R., & Zartman, C.E. (2021). Chemical composition of essential oils from four Piper species, differentiation using multivariate analysis and antioxidant activity. Natural Product Research, 36, 436-439.
Azman, N.N.A.N., Salleh, W.M.N.H.W. & Ghani, N.A. (2022). Chemical components and anticholinesterase activity of Piper ornatum NE Br volatile oil. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 24(4), 209-214.
Bagheri, H., Manap, M.Y.B.A., & Solati, Z. (2014). Antioxidant activity of Piper nigrum L. essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction and hydro-distillation. Talanta, 121, 220-228.
Bernuci, K.Z., Iwanaga, C.C., Fernadez-Andrade, C.M., Lorenzetti, F.B., Torres-Santos, E.C., Faioes V.D., Goncalves, J.E., do Amaral, W., Deschamps, C., Scodro, R.B., Cardoso, R.F., Baldin, V.P., & Cortez, D.A. (2016). Evaluation of chemical composition and antileishmanial and antituberculosis activities of essential oils of Piper species. Molecules, 21(12), 1698.
Biswas P., Anand U., Saha S.C., Kant N., Mishra T., Masih H., Bar A., Pandey D.K., Jha N.K., Majumder M., Das N., Gadekar V.S., Shekhawat M.S., Kumar M., Radha, Proćków J., Lastra J.M.P., & Dey, A. (2022). Betelvine (Piper betle): A comprehensive insight into its ethno-pharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological, biomedical and therapeutic attributes. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 26(11), 3083-3119.
Biswas, P., Pandey, D.K., Shekhawat, M.S., Dey, A., & Malik, T. (2024). Tissue-specific variations of piperine in ten populations of Piper longum L.: bioactivities and toxicological profile. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 5062.
Branquinho, L.S., Santos, J.A., Cardoso, C.A.L., da Silva Mota, J., Junior, U.L., Kassuya, C.A.L., & Arena, A.C. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and toxicological evaluation of essential oil from Piper glabratum leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 198, 372-378.
Caballero-Gallardo, K., Olivero-Verbel, J., Nayive, P.B., & Stashenko, E.E. (2014). Chemical composition and bioactivity of Piper auritum and P. multiplinervium essential oils against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 13(1), 10-19.
Carvalho, E.S., Ayres, V.F., Oliveira, M.R., Corrêa, G.M., Takeara, R., Guimaraes, A.C., Santiago, M.B., Oliveira, T.A.S., Martins, C.H.G., Crotti, A.E.M., & Silva, E.O. (2022). Anticariogenic activity of three essential oils from Brazilian Piperaceae. Pharmaceuticals, 15(8), 972.
Castano, T.V., Royero, J.B.C., Linares, V.C.R., Benitez, N.P., Galvis, L.A.B., Duran, D.C., Stashenko, E.E., & Mesa-Arango, A.C. (2014). Anti-dermatophyte, anti-Fusarium and cytotoxic activity of essential oils and plant extracts of Piper genus. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 26(3), 221-227.
Chahal, J., Ohlyan, R., Kandale, A., Walia, A., & Puri, S. (2011). Introduction, phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological activity of genus Piper: a review. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research, 2(2), 130-144.
Chan, E.W.C., & Wong, S.K. (2014). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of three Piper species: An update. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1(9), 534-544.
Chaveerach, A., Mokkamul, P., Sudmoon, R., & Tanee, T. (2006). Ethnobotany of the genus Piper (Piperaceae) in Thailand. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 4, 223-231.
Chieng, T.C., Assim, Z.B., & Fasihuddin, B.A. (2008). Toxicity and antitermite activities of the essential oils from Piper sarmentosum. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 12(1), 234-239.
Chouhan, S., Sharma, K., & Guleria, S. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils-present status and future perspectives. Medicines, 4(3), 58.
Colorado, J.B.E., Benitez, P.N., & Coloma, G.A. (2019). Volatile composition and biocidal (antifeedant and phytotoxic) activity of the essential oils of four Piperaceae species from Choco-Colombia. Industrial Crops and Products, 138, 111463.
Colorado, J.B.E., Herrera, P.F.L.O.R., & Benitez, P.C.N. (2020). Volatile chemical composition of Colombian Piper gorgonillense Trel. & Yunck. essential oil and its repellent and fumigant activity against Tribolium castaneum Herbst. The Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 14(3), 424-433.
Colorado, J.B.E., Restrepo, D.E., & Benítez, P.N. (2015). Evaluation of the repellent activity of essential oils from Piperaceae plants from the department of Chocó, Colombia. Journal of Toxicology, 32 (2), 112-116.
Colvard, M., Cordell, G., Villalobos, R., Sancho, G., Soejarto, D., Pestle, W., Echeverri, T., Perkowitz, K., & Michel, J. (2006). Survey of medical ethnobotanicals for dental and oral medicine conditions and pathologies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107, 134-142.
Cuadros-Siguas, C.F., Herrera-Calderon, O., Batiha, G.E.S., Almohmadi, N.H., Aljarba, N.H., Apesteguia-Infantes, J.A., Loyola-Gonzales, E., Tataje-Napuri, F.E., Kong-Chirinos, J.F., Almeida-Galindo, J.S., Chávez, H., & Pari-Olarte, J.B. (2023). Volatile components, antioxidant and phytotoxic activity of the essential oil of Piper acutifolium from Peru. Molecules, 28(8), 3348.
da Silva, A.S., da Silva, J.M., Almeida, A.V., & Ramos, C.S. (2016). Herbivory causes chemical and biological changes on essential oil from Piper marginatum leaves. The Natural Products Journal, 6(4), 313-317.
da Silva, J.K.R., Pinto, L.C., Burbano, R.M., Montenegro, R.C., Andrade, E.H.A., & Maia, J.G.S. (2016). Composition and cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the oil of Piper aequale Vahl. Lipids in Health and Disease, 15, 174.
da Silva, J.K.R., Pinto, L.C., Burbano, R.M.R., Montenegro, R.C., Guimaraes, E.F., Andrade, E.H.A., & Maia, J.G.S. (2014). Essential oils of Amazon Piper species and their cytotoxic, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 58, 55-60.
da Silva, J.K.R., Silva, N.N., Santana, J.F.S., Andrade, E.H.A., Maia, J.G.S., & Setzer, W.N. (2016). Phenylpropanoid-rich essential oils of Piper species from the Amazon and their antifungal and anti-cholinesterase activities. Natural Product Communications, 11(12), 1907-1911.
Dai, D.N., Pham, T.V., Dinh Luyen, N., Dung, V.T., Huong, L.T., & Son, N.T. (2023). Essential oils of two Vietnamese plants Piper betle (Piperaceae) and Disepalum plagioneurum (Annonaceae): chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. Natural Product Communications, 18(7), 1-7.
Daniel, N.A., Ahmad, F.B., Assim, Z., & Pin, C.H. (2019). Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity of essential oils of Piper arborescens and Piper caninum. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 15(6), 825-830.
de Morais, S.M., Facundo, V.A., Bertini, L.M., Cavalcanti, E.S.B., dos Anjos Júnior, J.F., Ferreira, S.A., de Brito, E.S., & de Souza Neto, M.A. (2007). Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from Piper species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 35, 670-675.
de Sousa, D.P., Damasceno, R.O.S., Amorati, R., Elshabrawy, H.A., de Castro, R.D., Bezerra, D.P., Nunes, V.R.V., Gomes, R.C., & Lima, T.C. (2023). Essential oils: chemistry and pharmacological activities. Biomolecules, 18;13(7):1144.
de Souza, M.T., de Souza, M.T., Bernardi, D., Krinski, D., de Melo, D.J., da Costa Oliveira, D., Rakes, M., Zarbin, P.H.G., de Noronha Sales Maia, B.H.L., & Zawadneak, M.A.C. (2020). Chemical composition of essential oils of selected species of Piper and their insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii and Trichopria anastrephae. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 13056-13065.
Depi, S. (2020). Review of traditional use, phytochemical and pharmacological activity of Piper betle L. Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 5(3), 59-66.
Do Carmo, D.F.M., Amaral, A.C.F., Machado, G.M., Leon, L.L., & Silva, J.R.D.A. (2012). Chemical and biological analyses of the essential oils and main constituents of Piper species. Molecules, 17(2), 1819-1829.
Domínguez, X.A., & Alcorn, J.B. (1985). Screening of medicinal plants used by Huastec Mayans of northeastern Mexico. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 13(2), 139-156.
Dos Santos, T.L.B., Turchen, L.M., Dall'Oglio, E.L., Butnariu, A.R., & Pereira, M.J.B. (2017). Phytochemical of Piper essential oil and acute toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(4), 484-489.
Duarte, M.C.T., Leme, E.E., Delarmelina, C., Soares, A.A., Figueira, G.M., & Sartoratto, A. (2007). Activity of essential oils from Brazilian medicinal plants on Escherichia coli. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(2), 197-201.
Dutra, K., Wanderley-Teixeira, V., Guedes, C., Cruz, G., Navarro, D., Monteiro, A., Agra, A., Neto, C.L., & Teixeira, Á. (2020). Toxicity of essential oils of leaves of plants from the genus Piper with influence on the nutritional parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: noctuidae). Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 23(2), 213-229.
Efdi, M., Okselni, T., Itam, A., Arifin, B., Novela, M., Hidayat, T., & Fadli. (2023). Essential oil extraction of Piper betle, Piper ramipilum and Piper aduncum and their antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 26(2), 446-458.
Elshafie, H.S., & Camele, I. (2017). An overview of the biological effects of some Mediterranean Essential Oils on Human Health. BioMed Research International, 9268468.
Espinoza, L.C.E., Rivera, M.S., Bec, N., Robles, J.R., Larroque, C., & Armijos, C. (2023). Chemical composition and selective BuChE activity of the essential oil of Piper arboreum Aubl. from Ecuador. Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(5), 628-635.
Facundo, V.A., & de Morais, S.M. (2005). Essential oil of Piper tuberculatum var. tuberculatum (Micq.) C.DC. leaves. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17(3), 304-305.
Ferraz, C.A., Pastorinho, M.R., Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A., & Sousa, A.C.A. (2022). Ecotoxicity of plant extracts and essential oils: a review. Environmental Pollution, 292, 118319.
Filho, P.A.A., Cunha, M.M., Alves Stanton, M., Yamaguchi, L.F., Kato, J.M., & Martins-Duarte, É.S. (2023). In vitro activity of essential oils from Piper species against tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Metabolites, 13(1), 95.
Fontoura, B.H., Perin, E.C., Buratto, A.P., Schreiner, J.F., Cavalcante, K.M., Teixeira, S.D., Manica, D., Narzetti, R.A., Silva, G.B., Bagatini, M.D., Oldoni, T.L.C., & Carpes, S.T. (2024). Chemical profile and biological properties of the Piper corcovadense essential oil. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32(3), 101993.
França, L.P., Amaral, A.C.F., Ramos, A.D.S., Ferreira, J.L.P., Maria, A.C.B., Oliveira, K.M.T., Jr, E.S.A., Branches, A.D.S., Silva, J.N., Silva, N.G., Barros, G.D.A., Chaves, F.C.M., Tadei, W.P.T., & Silva, J.R.D.A. (2021). Piper capitarianum essential oil: a promising insecticidal agent for the management of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 9760-9776.
Genderen, V.M.H., Leclercq, P.A., Delgado, H.S., Kanjilal, P.B., & Singh, R.S. (1999). Compositional analysis of the leaf oils of Piper callosum from Peru and Michelia montana from India. Spectroscopy, 14(2), 51-59.
Giannetti, A.D.A.M., Pin, A.R., Pietro, N.A.S., de Oliveira, H.C., Giannini, M.J.S.M., Alecio, A.C., Kato, M.J., de Oliveira, J.D., & Furlan, M. (2010). Composition and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans of essential oils from leaves of Piper and Peperomia species. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(17), 1810-1814.
Gilardoni, G., Matute, Y., & Ramírez, J. (2020). Chemical and enantioselective analysis of the leaf essential oil from Piper coruscans Kunth (Piperaceae), a costal and Amazonian native species of Ecuador. Plants, 9(6), 791.
Gomez, V.M.C., Rolon, M., Coronel, C., Carneiro, J.N.P., dos Santos, A.T.L., Almeida-Bezerra, J.W., Menezes, S.A., da Silva, L.E., Coutinho, H.D.M., do Amaral, W., Ribeiro-Filho, J., & Morais-Braga, M.F.B. (2021). Antiparasitic effect of essential oils obtained from two species of Piper native to the Atlantic Forest. Biocatalysis & Agricultural Biotechnology, 32, 101958.
Guerrini, A., Sacchetti, G., Rossi, D., Paganetto, G., Muzzoli, M., Andreotti, E., Tognolini, M., Maldonado, M.E., & Bruni, R. (2009). Bioactivities of Piper aduncum L. and Piper obliquum Ruiz & Pavon (Piperaceae) essential oils from eastern Ecuador. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 27(1), 39-48.
Hashim, N.A., Ahmad, F., & Susanti, D. (2016). Antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of Piper maingayi Hk. essential oils. Jurnal Teknologi, 78(1), 169-174.
Hashim, N.A., Ahmad, F., Jani, N.A., & Susanti, D. (2017). In vitro antioxidant, antityrosinase, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of the leaf and stem essential oil from Piper magnibaccum C. DC. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 20(1), 223-232.
Hieu, L.D., Thang, T.D., Hoi, T.M., & Ogunwande, I.A. (2014). Chemical composition of essential oils from four Vietnamese species of Piper (Piperaceae). Journal of Oleo Science, 63(3), 211-217.
Holetz, F.B., Pessini, G.L., Sanches, N.R., Cortez, D.A.G., Nakamura, C.V., & Dias Filho, B.P. (2002). Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Memories of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 97(7), 1027-1031.
Houël, E., Rodrigues, A.M.S., Jahn-Oyac, A., Bessière, J.M., Odonne, G., Gonzalez, G., Espindola, E.S., Eparvier, V., Deharo, E., & Stien, D. (2016). How can plant defences lead to valuable products? Inspiration from plant complexity in phytochemistry. Planta Medica, 82(1), 66.
Jantan, I.B., Ahmad, A.R., Ahmad, A.S., & Ali, N.A.M. (1994). A comparative study of the essential oils of five Piper species from peninsular Malaysia. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 9(6), 339-342.
Jena, S., Ray, A., Sahoo, A., Das, P.K., Kamila, P.K., Kar, S.K., Nayak, S., & Panda, P.C. (2023). Anti-proliferative activity of Piper trioicum leaf essential oil based on phytoconstituent analysis, molecular docking and in silico ADMET approaches. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 26(1), 183-190.
Kamsu, G.T., & Ndebia, E.J. (2024). A comprehensive review of the ethnobotanical uses, pharmacological, and toxicological profiles of Piper capense (Piperaceae). Drugs and Drug Candidates, 3(3), 598-614.
Lam-Gutiérrez, A., Ayora-Talavera, T., Garrido-Ramírez, E.R., Ruíz-Valdiviezo, V.M., Guzmán-Albores, J.M., & Cristóbal-Alejo, J. (2024). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Pimenta dioica and Piper auritum leaves grown in Mexico. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 10(1), 2356935.
Leal, S.M., Pino, N., Stashenko, E.E., Martínez, J.R., & Escobar, P. (2013). Antiprotozoal activity of essential oils derived from Piper spp. grown in Colombia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 25(6), 512-519.
Lima, C.N.F., de Lima, L.F., Correia, D.B., de Sousa Machado, S.T., Santos, E.S., de Arajo Delmondes, G., Menezes, I.R.A., Felipe, C.F.B., Coutinho, H.D.M., & Kerntopf, M.R. (2020). Systematic review: Medicinal use and scientific elucidation of the Piper genus for the treatment of symptoms and inflammatory diseases. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 14(2), 62-72.
Lima, K.F., Pirovani, V.D., Parreira, L.A., Santos, M.F.C., Abreu, K.M.P.D., & Menini, L. (2024). Management potentiality of emulsions based on essential oil of Piper macedoi and Piper arboreum for spider mite: a possible alternative for agroecological control. Natural Product Research, 39, 1-7.
Lima, R.N., Ribeiro, A.S., Santiago, G.M., Costa, C.O.D.S., Soares, M.B., Bezerra, D.P., Shanmugam, S., Freitas, L.D.S., & Alves, P.B. (2019). Antitumor and Aedes aegypti larvicidal activities of essential oils from Piper klotzschianum, P. hispidum, and P. arboreum. Natural Product Communications, 14(7), 1-6.
Lopes, L.M., Sousa, A.H.D., Faroni, L.R., Silva, M.V.D.A., Ferraz, M.S., & Santos, V.B.D. (2024). Toxicity and sublethal effects of Piper hispidinervum essential oil on behavioral and physiological responses of Sitophilus zeamais populations. Molecules, 29(17), 4116.
Luján-Hidalgo, M.C., Gómez-Hernández, D.E., Villalobos-Maldonado, J.J., Abud-Archila, M., Montes-Molina, J.A., Enciso-Saenz, S., Ruiz-Valdiviezo, V.M., & Gutiérrez-Miceli, F.A. (2017). Effects of vermicompost and vermiwash on plant, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of Mexican pepperleaf (Piper auritum Kunth) cultivated in phosphate rock potting media. Compost Science & Utilization, 25(2), 95-101.
Ma, J., Jones, S.H., Marshall, R., Johnson, R.K., & Hecht, S.M. (2004). A DNA-damaging oxoaporphine alkaloid from Piper caninum. Journal of Natural Products, 67, 1162-1164.
Machado, T.Q., Felisberto, J.R.S., Guimaraes, E.F., Queiroz, G.A.D., Fonseca, A.C.C.D., Ramos, Y.J., Marques, A.M., Moreire, D.L., & Robbs, B.K. (2022). Apoptotic effect of β-pinene on oral squamous cell carcinoma as one of the major compounds from essential oil of medicinal plant Piper rivinoides Kunth. Natural Product Research, 36(6), 1636-1640.
Martha, P.G.R., Maria, N.G.A., & Hoyo-Vadillo, C. (2013). Alkaloids from pepper: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (2), 163-193.
Mbadiko, C., Bongo, G., Ngbolua, K.T.N., Ngombe, N., Kapepula, P., Yandju, M.C., Mpiana, P., & Mbemba, T. (2023). Uses, phytochemistry and biological activity of Piper genus: a review. Journal of Medicinal Herbs, 14(1), 1-17.
Mendonça, J.F., Sousa, A.H.D., Faroni, L.R., Fernandes, C.C., Santos, A.C.D., Lopes, L.M., Maria, S.S.F., & Prates, L.H. (2024). Yield, composition and toxicity of Piperaceae volatiles to pest insects. Revista Caatinga, 37, 1-11.
Michalak M. (2022). Plant-derived antioxidants: significance in skin health and the ageing process. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2), 585.
Monzote, L., Scull, R., Cos, P., & Setzer, W.N. (2017). Essential oil from Piper aduncum: chemical analysis, antimicrobial assessment, and literature review. Medicines, 4(3), 49.
Moreira, D.L.D., & Pereira, R.A. (2021). Chemodiversity of essential oils in Piper L. (Piperaceae) species from the Restinga of Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. Virtual Journal of Chemistry, 13(5), 1203-1215.
Mundina, M., Vila, R., Tomi, F., Gupta, M.P., Adzet, T., Casanova, J., & Cañigueral, S. (1998). Leaf essential oils of three Panamanian Piper species. Phytochemistry, 47, 1277-1282.
Nuryanti, N.S.P., & Budiarti, L. (2020). The toxicity and effectiveness of nanoemulsion formulas from Piper retrofractum essential oil against brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1450, 1-6.
Orjala, J., Wright, A.D., Behrends, H., Folkers, G., Sticher, O., Rüegger, H., & Rali, T. (1994). Cytotoxic and antibacterial dihydrochalcones from Piper aduncum. Journal of Natural Products, 57(1), 18-26.
Oyemitan, I.A., Olayera, O.A., Alabi, A., Abass, L.A., Elusiyan, C.A., Oyedeji, A.O., & Akanmu, M.A. (2015). Psychoneuropharmacological activities and chemical composition of essential oil of fresh fruits of Piper guineense (Piperaceae) in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 166, 240-249.
Pérez, S.Y., Vidal, C.T.M., Machado, A.Y., Pelier, C.L., Navarro, B.G., & Pérez, P.O. (2014). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Piper hispidum sw. and antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pammel) Dowson. The Revista de Protección Vegetal, 29(3), 185-191.
Pineda, M.R., Vizcaíno, P.S., García, P.C.M., Gil, G.J.H., & Durango, R.D.L. (2013). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Piper auritum Kunth and Piper holtonii C.DC. against phytopathogenic fungi. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(4), 507-515.
Pino, N., Yurgaky, T., & Cuesta, J. (2005). Botanical aspects and preliminary chemistry of six species of the genus Piper used as medicinal in the municipality of Quibdó-Chocó. Institutional Journal of the Technological University of Choco, 23(2), 20-25.
Prasad, A.K., Kurnar, V., Arya, P., Kurnar, S., Dabur, R., Singh, N., Chhillar, A.K., Sharrna G.L., Ghosh B., Wengel J., Olsen C.E., & Parmar V.S. (2005) Investigations toward new lead compounds from medicinally important plants. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 77(1), 25-40.
Rahman, S., Hridy, U.K., Alam, M., Begum, R., Hossain, M.A., Sarkar, K.K., Saha, K., Barman, A.K., & Biswas, N.N. (2024). Antioxidant, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory, hypouricemic effect evaluation and GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract of Piper chaba stem: supported by in vitro, in vivo, and molecular docking experiments. Phytomedicine Plus, 4(4), 100652.
Ramin, N.M., Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Salihu, A.S., Ghani, N.A., Agosto, N.J., Sungthong, B., & Abed, S.A. (2025). Exploring the chemical composition and bioactivities of the essential oil of Piper rostratum Roxb. Natural Product Research, doi: 10.1080/14786419.2025.2457117.
Ramos, Y.J., Felisberto, J.S., Gouvêa-Silva, J.G., de Souza, U.C., da Costa-Oliveira, C., de Queiroz, G.A., Guimarães, E.F., Sadgrove, N.J., & de Lima Moreira, D. (2022). Phenoplasticity of essential oils from two species of Piper (Piperaceae): Comparing wild specimens and bi-generational monoclonal cultivars. Plants, 11(13), 1771.
Rezod, U.J., Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Salihu, A.S., & Ghani, N.A. (2024). Chemical composition, anticholinesterase activity, and molecular docking studies of Piper crassipes Korth. ex Miq. essential oil. Natural Product Research, 1-7.
Rezvanian, M., Ooi, Z.T., Jamal, J.A., Husain, K., Jalil, J., Yaacob, Z., Mohamad, H.F., & Ghani, A.A. (2016). Pharmacognostical and chromatographic analysis of Malaysian Piper nigrum Linn. fruits. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 78(3), 334-343.
Rodríguez, E.J., Saucedo-Hernandez, Y., Heyden, Y.V., Simo-Alfonso, E.F., Ramis-Ramos, G., Lerma-García, M.J., de Armas, Y., & Herrero-Martínez, J.M. (2013). Chemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of three Piperaceae species growing in the central region of Cuba. Natural product communications, 8(9), 123-131.
Rojas, J.J., Ochoa, V.J., Ocampo, S.A., & Muñoz, J.F. (2006). Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: a possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6, 1-6.
Ruiz-Vásquez, L., Mesia, L.R., Ceferino, C.H. D., Mesia, R.W., Andrés, M.F., Díaz, C.E., & Gonzalez-Coloma, A. (2022). Antifungal and herbicidal potential of Piper essential oils from the Peruvian Amazonia. Plants, 11, 1793.
Salehi, B., Zakaria, Z.A., Gyawali, R., Ibrahim, S.A., Rajkovic, J., Shinwari, Z.K., Khan, T., Sharifi-Rad, J., Ozleyen, A., Turkdonmez, Z., Valussi, M., Tumer, T.B., Fidalgo, L.M., Martorell, M., & Setzer, W.N. (2019). Piper species: A comprehensive review on their phytochemistry, biological activities and applications. Molecules, 24(7), 1364.
Sales, D.S.V., Monteiro, Á.B., Delmondes, D.A.G., Nascimento, D.N.E.P., Rodrigues, D.S.C.K., de Lacerda, J.F.E., Fernandes, C.N., Barbosa, M.D.O., Brasil, A.X., Tintino, S.R., Gomez, M.C.V., Coronel, C., Coutinho, H.D.M., Costa, J.B.M.D., Felipe, C.F.B., Menezes, I.R.A.D., & Kerntopf, M.R. (2018). Antiparasitic activity and essential oil chemical analysis of the Piper tuberculatum fruit. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 17, 268.
Salihu, A.S., Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Adward, K.K., Kapavarapu, R., & Ghani, N.A. (2024). Chemical composition, anticholinesterase activity, and molecular docking studies of Piper baccatum Blume (Piperaceae) essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 27(4), 993-1005.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., & Khong, H.Y. (2014c). Chemical composition of Piper stylosum Miq. and Piper ribesioides Wall. essential oils, and their antioxidant, antimicrobial and tyrosinase inhibition activities. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, 13(5), 488-497.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., & Khong, H.Y. (2016). Essential oil compositions and antimicrobial activity of Piper arborescens Roxb. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 20(2), 111-115.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., & Yen, K.H. (2014a). Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Piper abbreviatum, P. erecticaule and P. lanatum (Piperaceae). Natural Product Communications, 9(12), 1796-1798.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., & Yen, K.H. (2014b). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Piper muricatum Blume (Piperaceae). Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 17(6), 1329-1334.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., Sirat, H.M., & Yen, K.H. (2012b). Chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of the leaf and stem oils of Piper porphyrophyllum (Lindl.) N.E. Br. Excli Journal, 11, 399-406.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., Yen, K.H., & Sirat, H.M. (2011). Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Piper caninum Blume. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(11), 7720-7731.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., Yen, K.H., & Sirat, H.M. (2012). Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Piper officinarum (Piperaceae). Natural Product Communications, 7(12), 1659-1662.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ainul, N.N.A.N.M., & Salihu, A.S. (2024). Essential oil composition and radical scavenging activity of Piper penangense C.DC. Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(2), 1-6.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Kammil, M.F., Ahmad, F., & Sirat, H.M. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil and extracts of Piper miniatum. Natural Product Communications, 10(11), 2205-2008.
Sánchez-Aguirre, O.A., Guevara-Valencia, M., Juárez-Aguilar, E., Flores, N., Malagón-Avilés, O.G., Sánchez-Medina, A., & Cano-Asseleih, L.M. (2024). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of alcoholic extracts from Piper aequale Vahl leaves. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 23(6), 972-982.
Santana, A.I., Vila, R., Cañigueral, S., & Gupta, M.P. (2016). Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils from different species of Piper from Panama. Planta medica, 82(12), 986-991.
Santos, A.L.D., Polidoro, A.S., Cardoso, C.A., Mota, J.S., Jacques, R.A., & Caramão, E.B. (2019). Analysis of the seasonal variation in chemical profile of Piper glabratum Kunth essential oils using GC×GC/qMS and their antioxidant and antifungal activities. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 30(12), 2691-2701.
Santos, T.G., Fukuda, K., Kato, M.J., Sartorato, A., Duarte, M.C., Ruiz, A.L. T., Ruiz, J. Carvalho, F. Augusto, F. Marques & Maia, B.H.L.S. (2014). Characterization of the essential oils of two species of Piperaceae by one-and two-dimensional chromatographic techniques with quadrupole mass spectrometric detection. Microchemical Journal, 115, 113-120.
Sauter, I.P., Rossa, G.E., Lucas, A.M., Cibulski, S.P., Roehe, P.M., da Silva, L.A.A., Rott, M.B., Vargas, R.M.F., Cassel, E. & von Poser, G.L. (2012). Chemical composition and amoebicidal activity of Piper hispidinervum (Piperaceae) essential oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 40, 292-295.
Setzer, W.N., Park, G., Agius, B.R., Stokes, S.L., Walker, T.M., & Haber, W.A. (2008) Chemical compositions and biological activities of leaf essential oils of twelve species of Piper from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Natural Product Communications, 3, 1367-1374
Sharifi-Rad, J., Sureda, A., Tenore, G.C., Daglia, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Valussi, M., Tundis, R., Sharifi-Rad, M., Loizzo, M.R., Ademiluyi, A.O., Sharifi-Rad, R., Ayatollahi, S.A., & Iriti, M. (2017). Biological activities of essential oils: from plant chemoecology to traditional healing systems. Molecules, 22(1), 70.
Shethi, K.J., Rashid, P., Begum, M., & Rahman, M.O. (2019). Morphoanatomical profile of five species of Piper from Bangladesh and its taxonomic significance. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 26(1), 57-68.
Silva, D.R., Endo, E.H., Filho, B.P.D., Nakamura, C.V., Svidzinski, T.I.E., De Souza, A., Young, M.C.M., Ueda-Nakamura, T., & Cortez, D.A.G. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Piper ovatum Vahl. Molecules, 14(3), 1171-1182.
Silva, J.A., Oliveira, F.F., Guedes, E.S., Bittencourt, M.A.L., & Oliveira, R.A. (2014). Antioxidant activity of Piper arboreum, Piper dilatatum and P. divaricatum. Brazilian Journal of Medicinal Plants, 16, 700-706.
Smith, J.F., Stevens, A.C., Tepe, E.J., & Davidson, C. (2008). Placing the origin of two species-rich genera in the late cretaceous with later species divergence in the tertiary: a phylogenetic, biogeographic and molecular dating analysis of Piper and Peperomia (Piperaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 275, 9-30.
Soares, K.D., Bordignon, S.A.L., & Apel, M.A. (2022). Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of Piper gaudichaudianum and Piper mikanianum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 297, 115533.
Souto, R.N., Harada, A.Y., Andrade, E.H., & Maia, J.G., (2012). Insecticidal activity of Piper essential oils from the Amazon against the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Neotropical Entomology, 41(6), 510-517.
Sun, X., Chen, W., Dai, W., Xin, H., Rahmand, K., Wang, Y., Zhang J., Zhang S., Xu L., & Han, T. (2020). Piper sarmentosum Roxb.: A review on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 263, 112897.
Tankam, J.M., & Ito, M. (2013). Inhalation of the essential oil of Piper guineense from Cameroon shows sedative and anxiolytic-like effects in mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 36(10), 1608-1614.
Terreaux, C., Gupta, M.P., & Hostettmann, K. (1998). Antifungal benzoic acid derivatives from Piper dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 49(2), 461-464.
Thorn J.P.R., Thornton T.F., Helfgott A., & Willis K.J. (2020). Indigenous uses of wild and tended plant biodiversity maintain ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes of the Terai Plains of Nepal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 16(1), 33.
Tirillini, B., Velasquez, E.R., & Pellegrino, R. (1996). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Piper angustifolium. Planta Medica, 62(4), 372-373.
Torquilho, H.S., Pinto, A.C., Godoy, R.L., & Guimarães, E.F. (1999). Essential oil of Piper permucronatum Yuncker (Piperaceae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(4), 429-430.
Urbina, J.A., & Docampo, R. (2003). Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: controversies and advances. Trends in Parasitology, 19(11), 495-501.
Valarezo, E., Flores-Maza, P., Cartuche, L., Ojeda-Riascos, S., & Ramírez, J. (2021). Phytochemical profile, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil extracted from Ecuadorian species Piper ecuadorense sodiro. Natural Product Research, 35(24), 6014-6019.
Valentin-Silva, A. (2023). Reproductive biology of Piper species (Piperaceae): a review to link the past to the future. Rodriguésia, 74, 1-13.
Vasconcelos, L.C., Bergamim, A.D.S., Martins, G.S., Mariano, G.F., Mendes, L.A., Carrijo, T.T., & Praça-Fontes, M.M. (2024). Influence of seasonal variation on the chemical composition of Piper amalago essential oils and their phytocytogenotoxic activity in model plants and weeds. Bragantia, 83, e20240090.
Vieira, S.C.H., Paulo, L.F.D., Svidzinski, T.I.E., Dias Filho, B.P., Nakamura, C.V., Souza, A.D., Young, M.C.M. & Cortez, D.A.G. (2011). Antifungal activity of Piper diospyrifolium Kunth (Piperaceae) essential oil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42, 1001-1006.
Vu, T.X., Tran, T.B., Hoang, C.Q., Nguyen, H.T., Phan, M. X.B., Dao, A.N., Dinh, M.T., Soytong, K. & Nguyen, H.Q. (2021). Chemical compositions and anti-malassezia properties of Vietnamese Mentha arvensis and Piper betle essential oils. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 17(4), 1619-1630.
Wang, R.L., Gao, Y., & Xing, X. (2020). Analysis of chemical composition and assessment of antioxidant, cytotoxic and synergistic antibacterial activities of essential oils from different plant parts of Piper boehmeriifolium. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 17(7), 1-10.
Yadav, V., Krishnan, A., & Vohora, D. (2020). A systematic review on Piper longum L.: bridging traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence for future translational research. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 247, 112255.
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
All available data are presented in this paper.
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Syarifah Nadhirah Wan Idrus, Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh, Abubakar Siddiq Salihu, Nurunajah Ab Ghani, Salam Ahmed Abed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
